Discuss what air cargo carriers are doing to assist in the quest to find alternate fuel sources?

1) Discuss what air cargo carriers are doing to assist in the quest to find alternate fuel sources? The usual practice of air cargo carriers was to pass the high cost of aviation fuel to passengers via surcharges. Nevertheless, this industry is currently facing huge decline in profits due to the overnight doubling of fuel prices. According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA) profit forecast, airlines and air cargo carriers can incur a loss of as much as $5 billion at the prevailing fuel prices (Logistics Business Review, 2009).To overcome the challenges posed by the rising fuel cost, air cargo carriers are exploring the option of finding alternative fuel sources. Towards this end, they are liaising with organizations like the Air Transport Association(ATA) and Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuel Initiative (CAAFI) who, according to ATA, are currently â€Å"coordinating work on the research and development of alternative jet fuels, including technical specification s, environmental aspects, production and distribution†(ATA, 2009; para. ). By liaising with these organizations, air cargo carriers are actively participating in meeting the objective of ensuring constant supply of affordable aviation fuel.This is because these organizations are involved in educating â€Å"potential fuel suppliers on the aviation fuel supply process – including airline operations as well as distribution and logistics considerations – to further ensure the reliable delivery of alternative jet fuel(Air Transport Association, 2009; para. 0), as well as in working with â€Å"potential suppliers to identify commercial terms and strategies that individual suppliers and purchasers might adopt to accelerate deployment† (Air Transport Association, 2009; para 12). Another strategy adopted by air cargo carriers in their search for alternative fuel sources include is to add more fleets of fuel efficient planes in their stock of commercial jets (Logis tics Business Review, 2009).The point to note here is that it is expected that these strategies explained here will enable air cargo carriers to improve their deteriorating financial position, and to become more efficient, more competitive and more profitable. It is assumed that a healthy air cargo industry not only facilitates domestic and international trade but will equally provide the needed jobs to the populace. 2) Post a current air cargo article in the Bulletin Board Discussion forum and add your comments. Current Air Cargo ArticleIATA: Air cargo drop may have found its floor Source: Retrieved March 29, 2009 from http://www. btimes. com. my/Current_News/BTIMES/articles/airo26f/Article/index_html GENEVA: International air cargo traffic fell 22. 1 per cent in February compared with the same month a year ago, but the decline in freight may have found its floor, the airline industry body IATA said yesterday. Freight demand is considered a key barometer for the health of global tr ade, which has weakened considerably in response to the world's economic downturn and credit crisis.The February decline was the third consecutive month with cross-border cargo volumes far below the previous year levels, following a 23. 2 per cent year-on-year drop in January and a 22. 6 per cent decline in December. â€Å"We may have found a bottom to the freight decline, but the magnitude of the drop means that it will take time to recover,† IATA director-general Giovanni Bisignani said in a statement. Freight demand in Asia, the region most affected by the decline in shipments, fell 24. 7 per cent year-on-year in February, the Geneva-based group said.Japanese exports have almost halved from February 2008, it said. Air passenger traffic also declined last month, but less sharply than cross-border cargo. Overall passenger volumes fell 10. 1 per cent below February 2008 levels, following a 5. 6 per cent year-on-year fall in January, IATA said. Asia-Pacific carriers saw a 12. 8 per cent drop, North American airlines carried 12 per cent fewer passengers and Europe's recorded traffic down 10. 1 per cent, matching the global average.Latin American passenger traffic was slightly stronger, with only a 3. per cent drop, and in the Middle East it was up 0. 4 per cent. IATA, which represents 230 airlines including British Airways, Cathay Pacific, United Airlines and Emirates, said earlier this week that airlines would lose US$4. 7 billion (US$1 = RM3. 63) this year as a result of the economic downturn that has kept people and cargo from flying. Its traffic data excludes domestic flights. – Reuters Comments This article discussed the current issues facing the air cargo service industry – the decline in business and revenue as a result of decrease in customer patronage.According to this article, IATA reported that, compared to the figures obtained for the month of February the previous year, the international cargo traffic fell by as much as 22. 1 pe r cent this current year (IATA, 2009). The article went ahead to identify four markets that were hard hit by this fall in cargo traffic and revenue. These markets included the Asian market, North American market, European market, and Latin American markets. In addressing the Asian market, the article noted that â€Å"Freight demand in Asia, the region most affected by the decline in shipments, fell 24. per cent year-on-year in February†¦ Air passenger traffic also declined last month, but less sharply than cross-border cargo. †(IATA, 2009; para. 5). For the other markets, the article reported that â€Å"Asia-Pacific carriers saw a 12. 8 per cent drop, North American airlines carried 12 per cent fewer passengers and Europe's recorded traffic down 10. 1 per cent, matching the global average.Latin American passenger traffic was slightly stronger, with only a 3. 8 per cent drop, and in the Middle East it was up 0. per cent† (IATA, 2009; para . 8). The article went ahe ad to explain that the current challenges facing the industry was precipitated by the global economic and credit crises which had tended to discourage people from patronizing both the air cargo service companies and passenger airlines. This article is thus an â€Å"eye opener because it exposed the financial troubles of the air cargo service industry – and industry that is considered by the less-informed to be immune to economic recession.

Always Logistics Case Study Essay

Always Logistics is looking to perform a forensic accounting audit on their financial statements, in particular to accounting periods ended in the last five years. Mr. Jim Gallbally, has claimed authority to oversee the fraud concern over the Company’s profit-sharing incentive for its administrative-level employees via a whistleblower account, and this would require a study on their sales revenues data and their internal control systems. The intention of the assurance engagement is to supplement the fraud concern being raised by Mr.Gallbally to the senior management of the Company. Moreover, he intends to apply a ‘full force of the law’ to those staff who have ‘purposefully inflated revenue inflow for personal financial gain’, should the claims were to be founded. I am expecting your full interest with this engagement, and you may extend your intention to this engagement via the contact details that I will provide. I have attached the details of my initial discussion with the client and our conditions of acceptance prior to the undertaking of such engagement. Attachments: Details of the Interview conducted with Mr. Jim Gallbally, May 2010; Conditions of Acceptance for the Assurance Engagement, May 2010 Attachment 1: Details of the Interview conducted with Mr. Jim Gallbally, May 2010 †¢ A substantial annual performance bonus is paid to each divisional manager based on individual outputs as well as total company performance. †¢ There is a profit share scheme for all non award (administrative) level employees of Always. †¢ The Chairperson of Always is Margot Hellicar. †¢ A stock broking firm, Warm, Symes and Co is actively canvassing senior employees of Always to invest in the company by taking out loans which may be subject to margin calls. Some board members have been known to speak favourably of such loans. A healthy demand for Always stock has seen their share price outperform the market index for the past four years. †¢ Always is divided into divisions based on each state or territory. Depots are located in all states and the Northern Territory with Canberra depot part of the NSW operation. These depots have about 5-8 staff in each location being a senior manager, two financial or clerical staff with the rest being award level depot receipt and delivery staff. †¢ Head Office in Brisbane has 10 administrative staff and is where the CEO and CFO are located, along with the computer system and all the company financial records. †¢ The company has had some tight cash flow issues over the past few years but always manages to survive though the support of their bankers or through finding new delivery contracts, particularly in the Northern Territory and North West Queensland. Conditions of Acceptance 1. The report would consist of the assessment of the Company’s internal control systems, and the soundness of the financial statements and supplementary disclosures issued in the last five years, and will not be of opinion of the auditors. Should there be an opinion that will arise in the course of the report and analyses, a supplementary report will be issued in compliance of the auditing standards; 2. The report would consist of material factors to the actual bonuses amounts and managerial judgement with regard to the issuance of annual bonuses to its administrative-level employees; 3. The auditors will remain their professional independence with regard to the conduct of the audit, as in accordance to section 3. 5 of Professional Independence code of the Forensic Accounting Standards (APES 215); 4. The report will be in compliance with the International Auditing Standards and Forensic Accounting Standards (APES 215), and determine the accounting principles compliance in relation to the Australian Accounting Standards Board; 5. The auditors will maintain their professional competence and take due care in the performance of their work in accordance with Section 130 Professional Competence and due Care of the Code (3. 11) of the Forensic Accounting Standards (APES 215); 6. The confidential information acquired or have deliberated during the course of the audit shall only be used in the professional performance of the audit done and therefore proper permission must be acquired in accordance to Section 140 of the Forensic Accounting Standards (APES 215). ENGAGEMENT LETTER To the Chairman of the Board Margot Hellicar (or the appropriate senior management or board of directors) of Always Logistics: As requested by several of your shareholders, notably Mr. Jim Gallbally, we will conduct an audit of Always Logistics’s financial records, in particular, your cash flows, sales revenue records and notes to the financial statements for the last five years then accounting year ended December 31. We would like to express our acceptance and have understood the terms of this engagement by the issuance of this letter. Our audit will be conducted with the intention of providing an objective perspective on the financial statements and the financial performance of your Company for the last five years from accounting period ended December 31, 2009, and the recent concerns pertaining to your profit-sharing incentive lauded by significant numbers of your shareholders. We will accept the engagement offered and conduct the requested audit in accordance to the following accounting and auditing standards: the International Auditing Standards, the Accounting Professional and Ethics Standards (APES), and the International Standards of Assurance Engagements. The following will be used as to outline the engagement to be undertaken, and that the audit is in conforme with auditing criteria that may or may not be contested in a legal proceeding. The following is also to properly address the allegations of your administrative divisions misconstruing financial numbers that may be material to possible misstatements on your sales revenues and your overall financial status for the last five years. The audit will include examining evidence to be acquired supporting the amounts and disclosures to the sales revenues, and also the data being used of your administrative divisions on a test basis, and assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. With regard to the possible limitations and the nature of the test that will be conducted in the duration of the engagement, there will be auditing risks that there will be misstatements that may be material enough will not be detected. This is due to the inherent limitations that has and is present of the accounting and internal control systems your company has adopted for your business operations. As such, we would like to express our intention to use audit reports from previous auditors, work of persons of interest, or your internal auditors, if there were any conducted prior to this engagement, for comparison purposes and to alleviate us in confounding such allegations lauded against the financial status of your Company. However, we would like to stress that because of the necessity that may arise to use previous audit reports or documents of a similar standing, the overall assessment will now be our responsibility, and will be subject to any repercussions, legal or otherwise, towards the result of the assessment. In addition to our auditing report for the purpose of this engagement, we expect to provide you with a separate letter or document on any material weaknesses in the accounting and internal control systems that your company has adopted that we have come to be of concern of in the duration and the completion of our audit. However, we would like to restate that as this is not the purposeful intention of the audit, this supplementary document may or may not be of use that may demonstrate the effectiveness of your current accounting and internal control systems, and that it would be your decision on whether to act upon our observations for the purpose of amending or ratifying your current accounting and internal control systems, with regard to the conclusion of the engagement. In compliance with the Forensic Accounting Standards, the working papers prepared in conjunction with our audit are the sole property of the auditing firm and constitute confidential information that is privy to the firm and to your Company. They will be retained by our auditing firm in accordance with our firm policies and procedures. However, we will grant release of the working papers via a request from a regulator or a person of authority in the context of the rule of law. The regulator may produce photocopies or replications of the report and may ultimately decide to distribute the copies or replications to other parties of interest, including government agencies. The responsibility for the preparation and adequate disclosure of the financial statements to be procured as requested is that of the management of Always Logistics, either by its financial or accounting department, the board of directors, or any outfit or department that represents the Company. This includes any maintenance of adequate accounting records and internal controls, the selection and justification of the accounting policies to be applied, the application of accounting policies, the safeguarding of assets of the company, and other supplementary or aggregate data that would further assist us in our audit. In line with this, we duly request a written confirmation from you, the board of directors or the senior management, regarding representations concerning the audit to be conducted in the matter of transparency and the rule of law. Should you intend to publish our comprehensive and conclusive audit report on your financial statements and administrative operations with regard to the allegations of sales revenues padding activities, we require you to produce a printers’ proof or masters’ copy for review or approval prior to the final print and distribution of the said report. We are looking forward to the company’s full cooperation from your staff and/or personnel who will be involved for the procedural completion of this engagement, and that we fully entrust the responsibility from your good company that all requested and mandatory documents, including its supplementary or aggregate papers, and systems access will be made available to us with regard to the conduct of the engagement. Our auditing fees, which will be classified as working progress or works in progress in your accounting journals and general ledger, will be based on the time that will be spent by our accountants assigned for the procedural completion of the engagement plus outright yet necessary expenses. We will use the Company’s staff at any possible time or event to assist us in the conduct of the schedules to be followed as per process regarding the audit and the analyses of the accounts and business units in question. We believe that this would alleviate us with the time requirements, the timely or rather immediate conclusion of the engagement, and the savings that will be generated and beneficial for you with regard to the audit fees. This document will be effective for the time being of the engagement unless the agreed party will be making changes, cancel the engagement, or if the said engagement will be interrupted by a rule of law. Kindly affix your signature and forward the attached copy of this document to signify your understanding and agreement of the engagement.

Artificiality and Fallibility in Northanger Abbey

Artificiality and Fallibility in Northanger Abbey Jane Austen, through the development of socially conscious female characters, is able to render a remarkably accurate depiction of the social structure present during the late 18th century. Her social commentary, however, highlights certain unbecoming qualities in both her protagonists and antagonists, particularly their artificiality. This feature of her writing is especially evident in her satiric novel Northanger Abbey. While Austen is clear in her criticism of characters such as Isabella and John Thorpe, neither of whom is in Catherine’s favor at the end of the novel, the author appears to be far more accepting of the affectedness of General Tilney, who is portrayed as a severe but fair man. Through the artificiality of her characters and the claims she makes about them, Austen weakens the motifs she intends to exemplify, making her an unreliable author. General Tilney is consistently illustrated as a strange man with a somewhat severe manner. Despite this, the text never truly suggests that he is a bad man. He is kind enough to invite Catherine to stay with the Tilneys at Northanger Abbey and, although he is concerned with superficial things such as the grandeur of his home and the wealth of his childrens’ spouses, the text suggests that he wants only the best for his children. Near the end of the novel, Catherine even admits that General Tilney’s interference in their marriage may have actually strengthened the bond between her and Henry, for which she thanks the general: â€Å"†¦the General’s unjust interference, so far from being really injurious to the their felicity, was perhaps conducive to it, by improving their knowledge of each other, and adding strength to their attachment, I leave it to be settled by whomever it may concern, whether the tendency of this work be altogether to recommend parental t yranny, or reward filial disobedience† (Austen 235). Despite Catherine’s fairly positive opinion of him at the end of the novel, the general still proves to be quite artificial early on when, after trying so ardently to impress her in hopes of securing a wealthy wife for Henry, he rudely casts her out of his home without explanation upon hearing from John Thorpe that Catherine’s family is poor. Austen tries to forgive General Tilney’s bad behavior by stating that his conduct may have strengthened the bond between Henry and Catherine, yet his actions were undeniably callous, regardless of the end product. His superficial treatment of Catherine is based entirely off of his focus on money, and this quality makes it difficult to accept the positive light that Austen attempts to shine on him at the end of the story, causing her to appear unreliable as an author. The most artificial character of Northanger Abbey is arguably Isabella Thorpe. Although she initially appears to be perfectly friendly and immediately forms a close bond with Catherine, the text makes it clear that she is somewhat superficial and would be content gossiping the day away. On several occasions, she gloats her apathy toward financial status, claiming that â€Å"[her] wishes are so moderate that the smallest income in nature would be enough for [her]. Where people are really attached, poverty itself is wealth; grandeur [she] detest[s]† (112), as well as that â€Å"a [small] income would satisfy [her]†¦ [She] hate[s] money† (128). The reader, however, later finds that upon learning of her fianc? James Morland’s modest income, she immediately begins to flirt with Fredrick Tilney and eventually calls off the wedding. The reader even catches Isabella contradicting her earlier quotes when speaking to Catherine of her undesired gentleman caller, John T horpe: â€Å"You have both of you something, to be sure, but it is not a trifle that will support a family nowadays; and after all that romancers may say, there is no doing without money† (135). Even though Isabella claims on multiple occasions that finances do not concern her and that wealth even creates a deficit in relationships, she completely flips her argument in both her actions and opinions when she abandons James and tells Catherine that romance is not enough to support a family with modest income. Although Isabella is portrayed in an increasingly negative light as the plot progresses, she commits actions that are rather similar to those of General Tilney, but it is the products of their activities that appear to decide the author’s view of them. The characters’ actions are similar in that they both send away their respective Morlands upon finding that they are not wealthy, but their rewards differ: General Tilney is somewhat respected for the sternness that strengthened Henry and Catherine’s marriage, while Isabella is scorned by the narrator and essentially forgotten by the end. The narrator’s unequal judgment of each character again suggests that Jane Austen is unreliable in her portrayal of the morals she wishes to convey. In addition to the artificiality of Austen’s characters and the inconsistencies that they produce, the narrator also illustrates the same trait in her description of Catherine. Throughout Northanger Abbey, Austen repeatedly refers to Catherine as the story’s heroine. As early as the first pages of the novel, Austen builds Catherine up as the unsuspecting hero: â€Å"No one who had ever seen Catherine Morland in her infancy would have supposed her born a heroine† (13). Naturally, because of frequent recurrence of this description, the reader spends the entirety of the story waiting for Catherine to prove herself worthy of the title. Spoiler alert: she doesn’t. A heroine is admired for her courage and noble qualities, and although Catherine is consistently portrayed as having good nature and fair judgment, at no point does she truly verify that she is a great person herself. By failing to show what she repeatedly tells the audience to be true, Austen again i llustrates her unreliability as a narrator. Jane Austen is an author of critical acclaim within the literary world, but, like any other author, her writings exhibit many flaws. Her account of Northanger Abbey creates a social commentary in which she attempts to criticize the superficial foci of the era’s social scene. Her success in conducting an efficacious critique, however, is hindered by inconsistencies in the artificiality of her characters and their descriptions. Through the artificiality of her characters and the claims she makes about them, Austen weakens the motifs she intends to exemplify, making her an unreliable author in her account of Northanger Abbey. Bibliography Austen, Jane. Northanger Abbey. New York: Penguin Books, 1995. Print.

Ted Talk Response Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ted Talk Response - Movie Review Example With respect to empathy being relevant, the public at large can acquire correct information regarding the existing enmity between Americans and Iraqis. This understanding can also help in disregarding bogus information provided by media regarding conflicts taking place in Middle East countries. Since war against terrorism has been taken seriously but acts of terrorism continue to increase, it is the most crucial moment to re-think the strategies and re-structure approach strategies towards ending terrorism. Having watched Richard’s lecture, it would be a logical move to develop non-violent ways of dealing with terrorism. This is because terrorism is a result of retaliation prompted by stolen resources. Currently, people have a bad view regarding terrorism and Muslims are discriminated as being terrorists without knowing that their countries have been invaded and their natural resources are being used to help overseas countries while the Iraqi population continues to struggle i n poverty. This standpoint can change if Americans respected other countries’ resources. The pre-conceived idea that the only way to end terrorism is to convert all Muslims to Christianity would change and the correct approaches be undertaken. Therefore, the lecture is useful in thinking about terrorism and ways of countering it. This is because people tend to protect their resources because resources determine their individual futures and the future of their country’s economic performance. With respect to empathy being relevan.

Analyzing the impact of Confucianism on customer behaviour and Essay

Analyzing the impact of Confucianism on customer behaviour and perception of western brands - Essay Example 150). There were attempts to eliminate Confucian thinking in China during the periods of Cultural Revolution, but these attempts were not successful. Confucian thinking and doctrines have profoundly impacted today’s China to have had resurgence and to become very important part of Chinese persona. Chinese culture has been influenced by the Confucian thinking about leading a virtuous life. Confucian thoughts are basically built on three principles; 1) humaneness and loving an individual’s personality, 2) morality and uprightness, and 3) rites and ritual propriety. These three principles are complemented by the five pairs of social roles that are recognized as the basic cultural relationship between individuals. These relations are; between father and son, between the ruler and the subject, between the older and young, between spouses and between friends (Gallo, 2011, p. 43). Confucianism perceived family as the centre of all relationships and the family has been viewed a s the basic unit. In contrast to the Western business culture that is either fact-based or transaction-based, Chinese business culture is based on valued relationship and personal networks. Guanxi- the Chinese term used by Confucianism literature to denote relationship- gave greater emphasis on friendly relation between two persons based on favour-exchange, and therefore, literatures stressed that the exchange of favour is at the heart Guanxi. (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes, 2010, p. 150). Confucianism’s principles of interpersonal relationship and other doctrines are perceived to impact the consumer behaviour of Chinese people and their attitude towards western brands too. Impact of... As China has become an attractive and emerging marketplace and that it consist major portion of world’s total population, the Chinese consumer and his behaviour have been major focuses in the literature of international consumer behaviour. Culture is regarded as a significant determinant of consumer behaviour and cultural values are found to play vital roles in influencing consumers in their buying behaviour. China is a rapidly emerging market and global brands are studying about the potentiality of Chinese market in terms of investment, consumption, employment, and attitude and buying behaviour. Chinese culture is mainly influenced by Confucianism. This piece of research paper has analyzed the impact of Confucianism on the buying behaviour and perception about foreign brands. Various literatures stressed that Confucianism has profoundly impacted the buying behaviour because Confucianism emphasized harmonious relationship between different people and this caused people to show different attitudes toward different products. This paper concluded that Chinese people are quite thrifty and are found to show prestige since men have to strongly impress wives to maintain better relationship.

Wk 2 discussion 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wk 2 discussion 2 - Essay Example Hodges is already implementing in her classroom, and which would be deemed effective and beneficial for students like Ernest are the: (1) planning pyramid, where contents that students will learn would be classified according to: (a) contents that all students will learn; (b) contents that most students will learn; and (c) contents that few students will learn (in Ernest’s case, Ms. Hodges could discern which contents would be most applicable for learning within his intellectual level; (2) nine types of instructional adaptations where Ms. Hodges could tailor and identify the â€Å"the difficulty level of lessons, structure how students participate and provide responses, and provide peer support for learning mate† (Rosenberg, Westling, & McLeskey, 2007, par. 6); and (3) provision of peer tutoring. As revealed, peer tutoring would be beneficial for Ernest to focus on relevant course materials that would be used for class discussion and for examinations. Rosenberg, M. S., Westling, D. L., & McLeskey, J. (2007). Can You Help Me with This Student? In M. S. Rosenberg, D. L. Westling, & J. McLeskey, Special Education for Today’s Teachers: An Introduction (p. 222). Prentice

System engineering Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

System engineering - Coursework Example Sometimes change is usually unpredictable, coming at time that an organisation does not anticipate it. In such a scenario, the way an organisation handles the change determines the adaptability that determines the recovery of the organisation. Various recommendations have been given on how to manage change in systems engineering. To effectively deal with change in systems engineering, it is recommended to follow a simple guideline. First identify the areas that change is required in the processes and justify the need for change. Secondly, assess and evaluate the possibility of positive results from a change in terms of dealing with stakeholders needs or coming up with a better product. Thirdly, change managers should implement the change in a process that does not disrupt the whole system. When a change is finally in place, it should be practiced to replace the previous process and made the norm. This should then be followed by periodic monitoring of the change as it is being impleme nted and evaluation of the whole process (Habhouba, Cherkaoui, and Desrochers, p.

Effectively Managing Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effectively Managing Organizations - Essay Example The success of an organization depends on how effectively it manages its human resources. The purpose of this paper is to understand how to effectively manage an organization, especially one that has a culturally diverse workforce. With globalization more and more companies are setting up operations in foreign locations. As a result diversity issues have gained greater importance. Diversity issues if not managed at the right time and in the right way may result in loss of time, money and efficiency. It may also create tensions between people of different race, gender, ethnicity, abilities, age, etc. Increase in conflict always lead to loss of productivity. An organization will not be able to attract and retain talented people of different backgrounds. The need of the hour therefore in today’s world of globalization where many organizations have a diverse workforce is to build effective teams that can efficiently manage diversity and resolve conflicts that may arise because of diverse views. Diversity is not just about ethnicity, race and gender as many people think. It is much broader than that. According to Loden and Rosener (1990), diversity includes age, ethnicity, ancestry, gender, physical abilities/qualities, race, sexual orientation, educational background, geographic location, income, marital status, military experience, religious beliefs, parental status, and work experience. These factors affect the performance and success of an organization. They also affect interactions with others. Hence it is necessary that diversity when present in an organization must be managed. Managing diversity is defined as "planning and implementing organizational systems and practices to manage people so that the potential advantages of diversity are maximized while its potential disadvantages are minimized," by Taylor Cox (1994). Any organization to be effective and to meet customers’ needs has to be flexible and adaptable. Managing

Urban poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Urban poverty - Essay Example A detailed explanation of the reasons which resulted in formation of several neighborhoods around several cities of Britain is given by them. They have also explained on how the neighborhoods gradually turned out to be poverty ridden areas in the period 1981 to 1998. Some of their proposed solutions are detailed below. (Power & Houghton 2007) Several projects and ‘pilot’ plans were proposed by the government for the renewal of neighborhood and with their success, it has propelled several local authorities of each city to follow the same procedure. Power and Houghton (2007) suggest that the local authorities need to solve the immediate short term problems first than look at the long term problems. This is because, nationwide projects, generally tend to neglect these smaller problems but according to author’s view, they usually pose big threats to life in cities. The other common problem that is being reported by the author is the local crime incidents that happen in the cities that affect the day to day life of the residents. Any city that is clean and that follows the rules will flourish. So, the authors are of the opinion that police personnel are to envisage every doubtful street that could casus crime incidents and ensure strict adherence to rules and regulations by the residents. On the other hand, the author also warns that enforcing of rules by any kind of office personnel is a tough job and even more tough to consistently apply it. But, if applied, it would help the poor and people with low wage incomes to sustain their living. An example of such action was done in the late 1990’s in the city of Manchester. Reports suggest that it helped the city to greatly pull most of its so called waste lands back to business boundaries. The author concludes the analysis with this example to show that neighborhood management helps people t o be safer and to improve their way of living. (Power & Houghton 2007) The picture presented by

Government Intervention Essay Example for Free

Government Intervention Essay Discuss the case for and against government intervention in an economy. In most of the countries, the government has intervened in the market system. To some extent there is a dire need of government intervention in the market system, although there is a debate over this point among the economists. Many economists believe that the role of government intervention improves the market system. The government can easily enforce the rules that can help in the smooth functioning of the market system. On the other hand, there are economists who believe that government interventions in a market system are the reason of inefficiency in the system. There are some goods that underprovided and underconsumed. Such goods are cold merit goods. They can be defined in terms of their externality effects and also in terms of informational problems facing the consumer. A merit good is a product that society values and judges that everyone should have regardless of whether an individual wants them. In this sense, the government is acting paternally in providing merit goods and services. They believe that individuals may not act in their own best interest in part because of imperfect information about the benefits that can be derived. Good examples of merit goods include health services, education, and work training programmes. Why does the government provide merit goods and services? * To encourage consumption so that some of the positive externalities associated with merit goods can be achieved * To overcome the information failures linked to merit goods, not least when the longer-term private benefit of consumption is greater than the shorter-term benefit of consumption * On grounds of equity – because the government believes that consumption should not be based solely on the grounds of ability to pay for a good or service Education is an example of a merit good. Education should provide a number of external benefits that might not be taken into account by the free market. These include rising incomes and productivity for current and future generations; an increase in the occupational mobility of the labour force which should help to reduce unemployment and therefore reduce welfare spending. However, there are some goods which are thought to be ‘bad’ for you. They are cold demerit goods. Examples include the costs arising from consumption of alcohol, cigarettes and drugs together with the social effects of addiction to gambling. The consumption of demerit goods can lead to negative externalities. The government seeks to reduce consumption of demerit goods. Consumers may be unaware of the negative externalities that these goods create – they have imperfect information about long-term damage to their own health. The government may decide to intervene in the market for demerit goods and impose taxes on producers and / or consumers. Higher taxes cause prices to rise and should lead to a fall in demand. However high taxes increase unemployment because firms may relocate abroad increases cost of production for firms making the less competitive to firms in another countries where no tax is applied. But many economists argue that taxation is an ineffective and inequitable way of curbing the consumption of drugs and gambling particularly for those affected by addiction. Banning consumption through regulation may reduce demand, but risks creating secondary (illegal) or underground markets in the product. Market failure with demerit goods – the free market may fail to take into account the negative externalities of consumption because the social cost is less then private cost. Consumers too may experience imperfect information about the long term costs to themselves of consuming products deemed to be demerit goods. The social optimal level of consumption would be Q3 – the output that takes into account the information failure of consumers and also the negative externalities. One way to solve this problem is to try to remove the information failure. Information deficits can often lead to a misallocation of resources and hence the possibility of market failure. Information failure occurs when people have inaccurate, incomplete, uncertain or misunderstood data and so make potentially ‘wrong’ choices. Government action can have a role in improving information to help consumers and producers value the ‘true’ cost and/or benefit of a good or service. Examples might include: * Compulsory labeling on cigarette packages with health warnings to reduce smoking * Improved nutritional information on foods to counter the risks of growing obesity * Anti speeding television advertising to reduce road accidents and advertising campaigns to raise awareness of the risks of drink-driving * Advertising health screening programmes / information campaigns on the dangers of addiction Another dvantage of government intervention is the national minimum wage. The national minimum wage was introduced into the UK in 1999. It is an intervention in the labour market designed to increase the pay of lower-paid workers and thereby influence the distribution of income in society. In October 2005, the value of the minimum wage for adults was ? 5. 05 – following a series of small increases over recent years. The main aims of the minimum wage 1. The equity justification: That every job should offer a fair rate of pay commensurate with the skills and experience of an employee 2. Labour market incentives: The NMW is designed to improve the incentives for people to start looking for work – thereby boosting the economy’s available labour supply 3. Labour market discrimination: The NMW is a tool designed to offset some of the effects of persistent discrimination of many low-paid female workers and younger employees A diagram showing the possible effects of a minimum wage is shown above. The market equilibrium wage for this particular labour market is at W1 (where demand = supply). If the minimum wage is set at Wmin, there will be an excess supply of labour equal to E3 – E2 because the supply of labour will expand (more workers will be willing and able to offer themselves for work at the higher wage than before) but there is a risk that the demand for workers from employers (businesses) will contract if the minimum wage is introduced. Although all political parties are now committed to keeping the minimum wage, there are still plenty of economists who believe that setting a pay floor represents a distortion to the way the labour market works because it reduces the flexibility of the labour market 1. Competitiveness and Jobs: Firstly a minimum wage may cost jobs because a rise in labour costs makes it more expensive to employ people and higher labour costs might damage the international competitiveness of British producers. To the extent that rising unemployment worsens the living standards of those affected it has a negative impact on poverty. 2. Effect on relative poverty: Is the minimum wage the most effective policy to reduce relative poverty? There is evidence that it tends to boost the incomes of middle-income households where more than one household member is lready in work whereas the greatest risk of relative poverty is among the unemployed, elderly and single parent families where the parent is not employed. Government intervenes to stabilise farmers income and reduce price fluctuations using buffer stock schemes. The prices of agricultural products tend to fluctuate more violently than the price of manufactured products and services. This is largely due to the volatility in the supply of agricultural products coupled with the fact that demand and supply are price inelastic. Buffer stock schemes seek to stabilise the market price of agricultural products by buying up supplies of the product when harvests are plentiful and selling stocks of the product onto the market when supplies are low. The supply curves S1 and S2 represent the supply of wheat at the end of two different seasons. Supply is perfectly inelastic since farmers cannot change the quantity supplied onto the market post harvest. The organisation wishes to keep price fluctuations within a certain band: it will not allow the price of the product to rise above P max or to fall below P min. Assume that in one particular year there is a bumper harvest so that S1 is supplied onto the market. In absence of any intervention the market price would drop below P min, so the organisation buys up AB of the product to increase the market price up to P min. In the next year bad weather may result in a poor harvest so that only S2 is supplied. The market price would rise above the maximum permitted by the organisation, so the organisation sells CD of its stocks onto the market to reduce the price to P max. In contrast buffer stocks do not often work well in practice. Perishable items can not be stored for long periods of time and can therefore be immediately ruled out of buffer stock schemes. There are also high administrative and storage costs to be considered. Also education or healh sphere can suffer. The economists have a mixed view about the importance and effects of government intervention in the market system, it can be said that government interventions should aim at working with the market system that is already existing rather than implementing policies that make great changes. If the government intervention is such that it introduces inefficiencies greater than rationalizing the entire market system, there is a threat of damaging the economy. The distorted government intervention can lead to consumer dissatisfaction and higher costs. Most of the economists are of the view that government interventions should be facilitating in nature rather than having a direct control over the market.

Impact of Oil Spills on the Environment

Impact of Oil Spills on the Environment Oil Spills and Our Environment[MB1] Oil spills have been a major environmental concern when it comes to humans, land and water, aquatic and wild life. Oil can be detrimental to both humans and animals. An oil spill is liquid petroleum that is released into the environment. This happens because of human activity and it is pollution. The word describes aquatic oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters (epa.earthday). These spills may happen on land, as well. When oil is spilled on water it becomes hazardous and endangers our environment and our aquatic ecosystems. The way it pollutes our land is through our resources from our land and the organisms that live below the Earth’s surface. Oil spills are capable of destroying the very life forms that are associated with our food resources. Our environment can be impaired by the physical damages oil causes when animals come into contact with it. The animals can get coated with oil, and with oil being so toxic, it is capable of poisoning organisms that become open to the elements. Oils are not all the same. They have differences, and those differences are petroleum based or non-petroleum based. Oils can have different chemical make ups that give them unique physical distinctiveness. Oils that are Petroleum based can be different varieties of natural hydrocarbon based elements and process petroleum effects. These distinctions will affect the way t hat oil expands and separates. It is good to know the type of oil that one is dealing with because this can help to associate the hazardous dangers that the oil is capable of posing to human and aquatic life. There is also a likelihood that oil is capable of posing a threat to natural and man-made resources, as well (epa). Oils can cause immediate and long-term harmful effects on the environment. They can pose a danger and be deadly to our wildlife. Non-petroleum oils have the capability to diminish the oxygen needed by our aquatic organisms, foul aquatic life, and the feathers of wildlife. Birds can lose their feathers from oil, and the feathers are a vital part of their protective covering. When birds come in contact with oil, it puts the birds in danger of freezing to death or suffocate their embryos. When birds get drenched in oil they transfer oil from the feathers to the eggs. When ingested by fouls through eating, oil can kill them. Some of the other effects of spilled oil on birds and other wildlife consists of suffocation, dehydration, drowning, or starvation. The non-petroleum oils have similarities to petroleum-based oils but they do differ. One of the similarities is that they are both soluble in water and it is limited. Both oils create oil slicks at the surface of water. They both develop mixtures of different substances and sludge’s which looks muddy. Although, non-petroleum oils are known to linger in the environment for a long time. It is also good to remember how they have catastrophic effects on birds and mammals (epa.gov). Immediate response is a necessity when rescuing birds and aquatic mammals. This procedure is not done by just anyone, therefore, training is needed. In order to rehabilitate our oiled wildlife can be a complex procedure. Those who volunteer for this cause must be trained properly, and commit themselves to correctly documented procedures thoroughly, and avoid taking any shortcuts. Also, there must be communication with other agencies in order for the wildlife rescue operation to be a success (greenlivingtips). When birds are brought to the facility oil is flushed from its eyes and intestines immediately. The workers examine to see if they have broken bones, cuts, or other injuries. If the birds that come in have a lot of oil on them, that gets wiped with cloths that absorbs and removes the oil blotches. They are also administered oral medicines that coat their stomachs in case of ingestion. This prevents any other oil to get absorbed into the birds stomach. Once all this is done, the bird is then warmed and isolated within a silent area. In the area where wildlife is taken, curtains are hung around them to limit their contact with humans. Because nutrition is very essential for the recovery of oiled birds, sometimes they must be forced fed until they are able to feed themselves. Once the bird is responsive, stable, and alert, they softly rub a detergent into the bird’s feathers to remove the oil until the oil is gone. Then the bird is rinsed and cleaned and put in a clean, warm, hol ding pen that is covered with curtains. If the bird’s behavior seems normal during observation, then the bird is allowed to swim. They allow this so the bird can preen and realign its feathers. This action restores the feathers to their original structure and helps the bird to become water resistant. The waterproofing test is done prior to freeing a bird back into its natural habitat. They will not release the bird unless it is capable of floating and keeping the water away from its body. This procedure is quickly done because it is toxic the birds and can kill them (greenlivingtips). The Oil Experiment Materials My Prediction Conclusion cotton Will soak up the oil but not be able to clean the oil Oil Spread to cotton and it did not clean up the oil plastic Will get oily and will not be able to clean the oil Plastic became oily and did not clean up the oil newspaper Will soak up the oil but will not be able to clean the oil Oil soaked in paper and it did not clean up the oil paper towel Will soak up the oil but will not be able to clean the oil Oil soaked in paper and it did not clean up the oil feather Will get drenched in the oil, will not be able to clean up the oil Feather became drenched in oil and it did not clean up the oil cotton material Will soak up the oil but will not be able to clean the oil Oil soaked in cotton and it did not clean up the oil nylon material Will become oily itself but will not be able to clean the oil Oil soaked in nylon and it did not clean up the oil string Will get drenched in oil not be able to clean the oil String too small became oily and it did not clean up the oil Dish detergent Dawn Should break down the oil It cleaned up the oil The Conclusion of the Experiment The oil was not easy to clean, although Dawn dishwashing liquid seemed to have the capabilities of breaking the oil down. When I added the oil to the water, the oil floated on the surface of the water. I expected that much because I have seen this before. What I didn’t expect was the fact that the cotton didn’t clean it completely. The oil in water was very difficult to clean up with all my materials except the dawn dish detergent. The material that absorbed the oil the best was the cotton, but it didn’t clean it. It just soaked some of the oil up or expanded it, I’m not quite sure. The material that absorbed the oil the least was the plastic, and the rest of my materials didn’t work either. I used the generic dollar general brand of paper towel. When I used dawn dish detergent, it worked. Oil Spills The Exxon Valdez oil spill is much considered to be the most disastrous oil spill in the world, but as far as the worst environmental disaster in history it doesnt even rank among the top fifty of the recorded largest oil spills. As far as being the oil spill having the worst environmental impact on a region, Exxon is acknowledge. The oil spill caused approximately 11 million gallons of oil to escape from a tankers hull, and it still continues to have an effect on the area. The Alaskan waters known as Prince William Sound has never been the same once the ship hit Bligh Reef (Lovgren). Late at night, on March 24, 1989, a tanker called the Exxon Valdez swerved from the shipping lane in Prince William Sound, Alaska to avoid icebergs and crashed on Bligh Reef. This event was one of the largest oil spill from a vessel in US history at that time. Succeeding spills have leaked out much more. In 1978, four-hundred million gallons of oil was spilled along the coast of Mexico. Another time was 1978, sixty-nine million gallons were spilled by the tanker Amoco Cadiz off Brittany, France. In 1967, a tanker named Torrey Canyon off the English coast spilled thirty-eight million gallons. The tanker Metula in the Straits of Magellan, in 1973, was where sixteen million gallons of oil were spilled. As a result of these oil spills and others, there has been a considerable effort by government, academic and industry scientists to understand the fate and effects of petroleum in our Earth’s waters. One good piece of news that did occur was in 1985, when the National Research Coun cil had reported that they didn’t find any evidence that proves that our oceans environments are threatened by the oil spills. Although, it is still a concern. Petroleum inputs from accidental oil spills were found to be less important contributors to the annual input of petroleum to the aquatic environment than chronic discharges from the urban runoff, industrial waste, and transportation activities. Petroleum, which we now know is one of our natural elements has been naturally discharging in our water in great amounts at many oil outflows around the world. Although, the aftermath of oil spills can be harsh, our natural environment produces effective natural processes that will recovery our environments of most of our oil spills (Alaska). The BP Oil spill was due to an explosion of a rig in the Gulf. There were significant factors prior to the destruction of the drilling of the rig that should have been considered, which was a lack of risk management, at the time. It was a sad time in America from businesses to families and the economy in general. It was said that the incident was an â€Å"accident waiting to happen† (epa.bp). The engineers had identified seven fatal defects that led to the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. It was a series of errors that were made by people in critical situations involving complex technological and organization systems. Because of this, it created critical lessons that were learned. It has also given them insights on how to prevent this from happening in the future (epa.bp). The incident lead to the improved risk assessments, and more beneficial regulatory oversight. It called for safer operating procedures and fast crisis response time. The accident was a detrimental and severe lesson learned. Eleven workers lost their lives and seventeen others were injured. The oil spill damaged the economy and environment of the entire Gulf Coast. The laws made changes that will reduce the chances of these tragedies occurring again. These regulation were put in place for both deep-water drilling and high technical and risky industries (oceanworld). The Exxon Valdez leaked out almost eleven million gallons of oil in the pristine Prince William Sound. The oil spread to 1,300 miles of shoreline. The oil spill killed hundreds of thousands of aquatic and wildlife. The difference with the Gulf of Mexico spill is that the oil rig exploded and killed eleven of the workers and produced the largest oil spill in U.S. history. According to NOAA, an estimated two-hundred and ten thousand gallons of oil were leaking oil out of the remaining ruptures in a day. Eleven million gallons spilled by the Exxon Valdez in 1989 in June (greenlivingtips). Environmentalists are working on the long-term environmental impact reduction goals for the areas of energy conservation, resource conservation, and pollution prevention. As far as short term goals are concerned, environmentalists are working hard to advance the broader use of renewable sources of energy, while monitoring and maintaining the carbon footprint of the Earth in hopes that it will be at a m inimum. We can’t completed eliminate all the bad elements in our atmosphere, but we can work together to minimize the issues of concern. A development of a hydraulic fracturing fracking technology is underway, in order to help them obtain accessibility to our natural gas that formerly found to be unreachable (mcclatchydc). Since the BP oil spill, the Environmental Protection Agency has put orders in place that monitor air, water, sediment, and wastes that are produced by the cleaning processes. They will continue the continued response and renovation attempts as well. The government has put a main goal in place too restore and maintain our waters, while providing several causes of action that will be enforceable by the United States in order to  promote the goals. For instance, civil and criminal penalties are put in place as provisions. The CWA has put civil penalty provisions associated  with oil spills and this will provide that penalties recovered under the Clean Water Act must be deposited into the Oil Spill Liability  Trust Fund. Therefore funds will be available in the future or ensure that there are available funds for clean-up, response, and restoration efforts for future oil spills (epa.bp). EarthDay EarthDay is an important day to remember. It will be celebrated on April 22, 2014. This date is the anniversary of the environmental movement of 1970. Gaylord Nelson is the founder who came up with the idea. He was a US Senator in Wisconsin at the time. He witnessed an oil spill in Santa Barbara, California. In his eyes that oil spill was major issue and concern. He waited until an opportunistic time to voice his opinion on the incident. At the time Nelson was trying to find a way to get the news out, there had been a student anti-war movement taking place as well. That is when Mr. Nelson came up with the idea to stimulate the energy given about the war and emerge it with also making the public aware of the water and air pollution, in hopes that it would enforce protection for the environment, and it did. In the end, everyone came together to assist in the cause, and this action led to the four major changes; creation of the EPA and the passage of the Clean Water, Clean Air, and the Endangered Species Act (epa.gov). On April 22, more than a million Americans performed a demonstration on the streets and parks, and held gatherings from the East coast to West coast. They were fighting for the cause, such as, against pollution from factories, power plants, toxic dumps and raw sewage, freeways, and pesticides and most of all the lost that it has caused to the wilderness. Needless to say, in the end he won. Nelson and his followers worked hard to get the government’s attention to environmental issues, and when they did, it was the beginning of the environmental movement. The Environmental Protection Agency was formed on Dec.2, 1970. It was put in place to consolidate a variety of federal research, standard settings, and monitoring, and enforcement activities to ensure that the environment sustains protection for present and future generations The outcome is for Americans to have a cleaner and healthier environment (earthday). The EPA work intensely to make sure everyone is complying to keep the environment clean and free from destruction, and holds those responsible if they are not complying. Because of Earthday, regulations in the Cleveland, Ohio area was forced to clean up the lakes and make sure that there is no hazardous and dangerous elements that can destroy our aquatic life, animals, and human life. Earthday protects our environment and promotes sustainability for our Earth for the future generations to come. It makes us accountable and responsible to keep our environment clean and safe for all living organisms (epa.earthday). I can do my part of protecting our earth by going green. At home, I recycle and utilize bio-degradable products. I will not pollute our waters with pollutants, nor the land. At home I learned to use water, dawn dish detergent, and boiling water to break down cooking oils after cooking so the oils do not build up. At work, I can use less paper products and ride bus to work. During recreation time, I will make sure that I continue to use green products and keep our environment clean from trash and other things that may hurt our environment. [MB1

Gangliosidosis: A Brief Review Of Associated Neuropathology Essay

Gangliosidosis: A Brief Review Of Associated Neuropathology Gangliosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease which affects primarily the nervous system. This disease is the result of an autosomal recessive mutation which causes a lack or deficiency of an enzyme important in the metabolism of gangliosides. This deficient enzyme can vary depending on the type of mutation present causing either GM1 or GM2 gangliosidosis. Each of these will be discussed later, although the overall effects are similar. Increased amounts of gangliosides inside neurons leads to, often lethal, neurodegenerative disorders. TAY- SACHS One of the more common of these disorders is known as Tay--Sachs. Bernard Sachs was the first to describe the cellular morphological features of this disease, "distended cytoplasm of the neurons and ballooning of their dendrites". Later, in the 1930’s, the term ganglioside was used to describe the accumulating material in the neurons which was characteristic of the disease. Tay-Sachs is an infantile form of GM2 gangliosidosis most often found in Ashkenazi Jews. The rate of this disease is almost ten times higher in this population than in most others. Genetically, Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is caused by a mutation at the alpha subunit locus. In Ashkenazi Jews the mutation is primarily found in two forms. The first is a 4 base pair insertion into exon 11, the other is a G-to-C transversion mutation in the intron 12 splice site. A separate mutation has been found in the Moroccan Jews, the deletion of a phenylalanine codon in the alpha subunit sequence. Recently, other mutations have been identified in these and other populations. In all cases, these mutations impair the alpha subunit of beta hexosaminidase A resulting... ...8. Drucker, L."Identification and Rapid Detection of Three Tay--Sachs Mutations in the Moroccan Jew Population." Am. J. Human Genetics. 1992; 51: 371-77. Fredrico, A. "The Clinical Aspect of Adult Hexosaminidase Deficiencies." Developmental Neuroscience. 1991; 13: 280-287 Fukumizu, M. "Tay-Sachs Disease: Progression of Changes on Neuroimaging in Four Cases." Neuroradiology. 1992; 34: 483-486. Gravel, R.A. "Biochemistry and Genetics of Tay-Sachs Disease." The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 1991; 18: 419-423. Maia, Maria. "Juvenile GM2 Variant B1: Clinical and Biochemical Study in Seven Patients." Neuropediatrics. 1990; 21: 18-23. Specola, N. "The Juvenile and Chronic Forms of GM2 Gangliosidosis." Neurology. 1990; 40: 145-150. Suzuki, K. "Neuropathology of Late Onset Gangliosidosis." Developmental Neuroscience. 1991;13: 205-10.

Mustang Or Camero :: essays research papers

MUSTANG OR CAMERO? Ever since the General Motors company built the first vehicle to compete with Henry Ford and the ford motor company, consumers have argued over which was better. Back in those days the better car was the one that fell apart last and was the cheapest. Today consumer values have changed, and with that change comes a want for more options and a good value for those options. â€Å"Creature Comfort† as it’s called is a big priority for the consumer. The next biggest thing is performance; the consumer wants a good performing machine that’s going to give them â€Å"Creature comfort† and a great value. Early consumers got to look a one option windshield or no windshield. Today the consumer gets to ponder over options like power windows and door locks, Air conditioning, Leather interior, CD players, and keyless entry systems. With an evaluation of the sports car market, I will compare the 98 Ford Mustang and the 98 Chevrolet Camero. I have owned both of these vehicles and am very knowledgeable on both of them. The knowledge I have gained over the past five years as a consumer and as a driver of both of these cars will prove that the Mustang is a much better buy than the Camero. I will start things off in my evaluation with one of the main aspects of a car that almost all consumers look at, gas mileage. I will start things off with the Camero Z28. The Z28 is the top of the line Camero and the biggest performer. The Z28 gets eighteen miles to the gallon in the city and twenty-nine on the highway. The Mustang Cobra R is the top of the line Mustang put out by ford, and is its biggest performer. The Cobra R gets twenty-one miles per gallon in the city and thirty-one on the highway. This gives the Mustang an advantage in gas mileage. The next aspect will be performance. This puts the two cars very close in statistic likeness. The mustang will be the first to go. The mustang in its cheapest form gets 200hp @ 5200rpm, the Cobra R mustang is the mustang in its most expensive form gets 315hp @ 5200rpm. The mustang Cobra R will run the standing  ¼ mile in 13.8 seconds @ 102 miles per hour. The Camero in its base cheapest form has 200hp @ 5200rpm.

evolution Essay -- essays research papers

The majority of people in this world believe that a spiritual being created earth. In fact, "most religions and cultures believe the universe was created by a 'creative hand,' either a sky god or some other physical object" (Encarta 1). Think of it, as a trial to see which will win, creation or evolution. It has been the most argued debate in all of history, but creationism is more logical than evolution. To first understand what creation is about, we have to know what creation is. The Bible defines creation as the action by God that brought the universe and all its contents into being. The Bible also states, "God created great whales and every living creature that moveth, and so God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them" (Genesis 1:21, 27). To Doug LaPointe, the author of Top Evidences against the Theory of Evolution, there are nine articles of evidence pointing weaknesses in evolution, or strong points in creation. The first evidence is that there are no links between the fossil record and present times; therefore, there is nothing to show that evolution actually happened. Second, that natural selection cannot advance an organism to a higher order. The third being that although evolutionists believe life just came about, matter resulted from nothing, and humans evolved from animals, all of these are against scient ific and natural understandings. Fourth, even though evolutionists present them a...

CanGo Final Report Team Blue Consulting Essay

The highlighted red answers are the ones that are correct. The simplest way of navigating through this document is to press find and put down a very unique quote from the question on BSG. For example to find the answer for the question below would be the find the quote â€Å"companies can expect to sell†. Make sure it is 100% the same question and answers and you will do very well on this quiz. Some questions have similar wording and the question may be further down the document. Another way to navigate the document is via the answers. I strongly suggest though that before you actually do the quiz, just skim through the questions and familiarize yourself with the answers as there is a time limit when you actually do the quiz. BSG Quiz 2 is substantially harder than Quiz 1, this quiz also brings about the introduction of what I view as â€Å"concept† questions. These are questions that can be asked in several different ways, but is more or less the same concept. For example exchange rate questions are important in testing your knowledge in BSG, and they can be asked in a variety of different ways. For some of the questions that can be conceptualized in different ways I have written a few notes that helped me figure out the answer when I encountered it in another form and it is usually those balance sheet questions because BSG is very particular (sometimes illogical) in how they calculate their values. If you find the odd quiz Answers that isn’t in the bank, please copy and paste it in an email and highlight it in red and send it to me. I hope you enjoy your purchase! Based on information on the Help screen for the Marketing and Admin Report (see the section on Administration Expenses), which of the following statements regarding your company’s administrative costs is false? The company’s accounting system allocates all administrative expenses to branded footwear; no administrative expenses are allocated to private-label footwear. Administrative expenses are allocated to each region based on each region’s percentage of total companywide branded sales; thus, if 24% of the company’s branded sales are in Asia-Pacific, then AsiaPacific is allocated 24% of companywide administrative expenses. Within a region, administrative expenses are allocated between online branded sales and wholesale branded  sales based on their respective proportion of total branded sales in the region; thus if 80% of total branded sales in a region were sales to area retailers, then 80% of the region’s total administrative expenses would be allocated to the wholesale segment and 20% would be allocated to the Internet segment. The â€Å"Other Corporate Overhead† category of administrative costs always averages $1 per pair of plant capacity (not including overtime); other Corporate Overhead changes by $1 per pair in the same year as any new plant capacity comes online (new or used) and in the same year that any capacity is sold off to the merchants of used footwear-making equipment. Administrative costs are allocated between branded production and private-label production according to their respective percentages of total pairs sold.thus, if 65% of the total pairs sold are branded then 65% of annual administrative costs are allocated to branded footwear.

Adoption: Infectious Diseases Issues Essay

Adoption is and always has been something that many couples consider in doing throughout their lives. One couple might consider adopting a child due to being unable to have a child of their own or another in wanting to help a child in need of parents to look over them. In recent years, many young parents have given their child up for adoption because of not being able to provide for the child or the mother is too young to take full responsibility. But, the biggest concern regarding adoption is the birth records of the child that are being sealed away from them. Once the child grows up and finds out they were adopted, they are unable to look at their actual birth certificates and find out where they came from. Many have been raising questions to why they are sealed and a resolution must be found to make it fair for the adopted children to find out where they came from and who their real parents are. In the U.S., most laws from the 1930’s and 40’s still remain firm in 44 states. These laws are forbidding adopted children who are now adults to their original birth records that are locked away from them that has the primal question: Who am I? Identity is many things, but it begins with the knowledge of one’s own truth of heritage and birth. According to Lorraine Dusky, one of the situations that are standing in the way of the further progress to resolve this problem is the argument that most mothers want to keep their â€Å"privacy† protected. She says that more work is needed to show that these outdated laws and arguments are not true but only myths. Dusky states that most mothers are more than happy to welcome in their children back into their lives and in states as in Oregon, mothers have the option to fill out a form indicating whether or not they want to be contacted. She concludes that mothers asking for no contact are now no more than one a month. (Dusky). This is a good indication that the birth parents do not want to lose contact with th eir child when he or she chooses to find them when they grow up. Adoption has also brought an important function to other people’s lives. According to Annette Baran, Reuben Pannor and Arthur D. Sorosky, adoption fulfills couples’ dreams that are unable to have children of their own and want have a complete family unit that conceals their infertility and denies the existence of another set of parents. They say that in the past, adoption was more open and was not unusual before World War II for a couple to take in a pregnant woman and take care of her while she was pregnant till she delivered, then adopt the child. They state  that it was easy for the mother to give her child to the couple because of the connection they formed and the mother felt comfortable giving her child to the people she knew very well who would take care of the baby and provide for it. They conclude that there is no further evidence showing that there were any complications for both the birth and adoptive parents or any harassment from either of them after the child was given away. (Baran et. al. 97-98). After looking at the aspect of the benefits of both the birth parents and adoptive parents, there are also emotional and health issues with the adoptees. The only reason to why birth records are being sealed away is to keep the privacy of the birth parents but that is completely unfair to the adoptees that want to find out what is wrong with them and where they came from. Some adoptees have health risks and are unable to continue their treatments if they do not have their actual birth records. According to Karen March, one of the strongest challenges against secrecy comes from the adult adoptees that have established contact with their birth parents. She states that before the adoptees reunited with their biological parents, they felt a sense of incompletion from their inability to fully find out about their biological parents and background information to put together who they truly were. March says that after finally reuniting with their parents, they were finally able to move on w ith their life and accept the reality of why they were sent to adoption. She concludes that many adoptees that have problems with their birth records being released find themselves emotionally unstable to cope with why their biological parents have left them. (March 653-654). By giving these adoptees the opportunity to place self with a biosocial context, reunion gave them a means of gaining stronger social acceptance. In a book titled â€Å"Adoption, Identity, and Kinship† written by Katarina Wegar, assistant professor of sociology at Old Dominion University, investigated the historical, physiological, social, cultural, and gender issues that are surrounding issues over the sealed birth records. Wegar writes that over 60 years of perspectives on adoption, she was able to find that instead of showing adoption as a social institution, many researchers have often depicted adoptive families as deviant people. Moreover, Wegar argues that some adoption activists have accepted facts from psychiatrists, who blame the adoptees’ problems rather than on social and cultural causes. She believes that the American family is  a natural or a biological arrangement, to look at adoption as a solution to a social problem rather than the social problem to be solved. Wegar concludes that the main structure of adoption in the American adoption system is the race and class, along with gender, age, family structure, and sexual preference. (Wegar 36-123). Adoption, according to Wayne E. Carp, is present everywhere in the American society that is creating invisible relationships with biological and adoptive parents and is touching many people. He states that adoption is the most controversial issue in the United States and recent articles have accused many adoptive families of being associated in Cambodian black market baby-buying rings. Carp writes that in 1994, Congress passed a law stating with the intention of prohibiting adoption agencies from using race or national origin as a basis to deny the placement of a child in transracial adoptions. Also, Carp believes that one problem with activists, is that they commonly believe that adoption causes much pain and lifelong suffering to everyone involved and in 1995, the Florida Supreme Court upheld a la w stating that gay couples are prohibited from adopting. Carp says that as late as the 1950s, most Americans would not have considered the subject of adoption or closed records as controversial. In fact, most Americans viewed it in positive terms because it seemed to solve many social problems. Also, according to Doris H. Bertocci, she says the same about how these sealed records are far more complicated than anyone would have expected. (Bertocci 252). Carp states that single women were able to escape the stigma of having a child out of wedlock and were able to move on with their lives, which usually meant getting married. He concludes that it was also an escape route for children to escape the stigma of illegitimacy and then were able to find a good home with two loving parents who on the other hand found a solution to having their own child. (Carp 434). The question was never raised to why records are being sealed away from adoptees. According to Carp, not until the early 1970s was when adult adoptees discovered that birth records were b eing sealed, thus they went right into the political process to change this unfair practice. Carp, states that once the reform movement began, the birth mothers reacted immediately and the reason to that was because of the situation they were in. He writes that the mothers believed they were doing the right thing for their babies and that they would be able to avoid  society’s condemnation of having a child without being married. Because of this, Carp says that the mothers received promises from adoption agencies that their identities would remain a secret and many kept it away from their husbands as well. But, many activists, according to Carp were able to gain access to adoption records through lawsuits, ballot initiatives, and state legislation, which resulted in success for the state of Oregon to allow adult adoptees to their original birth certificates, for the most part, the result of the reformers’ lawsuits have failed in the courts and failed to open adoption records unconditionally. He argues that the reason to their lack of success, there exists an ethical and moral dilemma: Who’s rights are pre-eminent, those of adopted adults or those of birth parents? Many states have tried to make both sides satisfied: adult adoptees, who want to have the right to open birth records and the birth parents, who were promised secrecy of their identity by the private adoption agencies. (Carp 435). Taking a look at another aspect of adoption, many complications can arise regarding international adoption. In recent research done by Laurie C. Miller, she finds that since 1986, nearly 220,000 children from other countries have been adopted by American families and since 1995, the top 4 countries have been China, Russia, South Korea, and Guatemala. She states that the living circumstances of children before adoption all varied greatly and most of the children came from orphanages, where they experienced malnutrition, emotional and physical neglect, harsh living environments, and exposure to infectious diseases. Miller states that thanks to the International adoption medicine, new specialized pediatrics have been able to address the specific health care needs for the children after arriving to the United States. But, Miller argues that one of the primary concerns of international adoption medicine is the evaluation of international adoptees for infectious diseases as for other immig rant children. She also argues that many adoptive families sometimes encounter difficult situations related to infectious diseases like the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Asia that has affected many adopting families in the United States. Miller concludes that these days, consultants have much to offer for internationally adopted children and the adoptive parents as well as appropriate screenings that allow assessment of the child’s health. (Miller 286-287). In the United States, adoption by a same-sex partner was  first granted in 1985. According to Nina Dethloff, nowadays, adoption by same-sex couples is aloud in a number of states however, there are several differences in other countries. Dethloff states that at least in six states the court has held adoptions by same-sex couples to be permissible. But, adoptions by a homosexual partner are possible in New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Illinois, Vermont, Pennsylvania, and in District of Columbia. She says that the adoption of a child that is not biological, but the previously adopted, child of the other partner is exceptional. She argues that he or she can adopt both a biological child and a previously adopted child of his or her partner but only a few states prohibited and still prohibits adoptions by homosexuals. Dethloff states that previously held prejudices on children who live in a homosexual family are more likely to develop a homosexual orientation or might even be abused, especially by gay men, have not been fully confirmed. Furthermore, she shows evidence that there is no scientific proof that children show developmental or behavioral disturbances as a result of their parents’ sexual orientation. Dethloff concludes that there is evidence that homosexual parents raise their children differently than the opposite-sex couples, but the only real concern is that due to constant prejudices, children raised by same-sex parents may suffer from harsh discrimination. ( Dethloff 201). Every couple, regardless of their sexual orientation, should have the right to raise and adopt a child. Looking at the child’s perspective, would it not be better to give a child a home? According to Gregory K. Popcak, executive director of the Pastoral Solutions Institute, there are significantly more children waiting to be adopted than there is same-sex couples waiting to adopt. He states that by contrast, each year there are no more than 70,000 to 162,000 married couples in the U.S. who have filed adoption papers or are filing papers. Popcak believes that this means that in any given year there are 1.2 and 2.7 married couples per waiting child meaning that there is no need to open up adoption centers for homosexual couples. (Popcak 13). Though Popcak’s arguments may remain true, he is not helping in the fact that all people should be treated equally regardless of their sexual orientation and children should have a home provided for them. Dethloff shows that in a coun try where a large number of children are living under institutional care in order to be placed in a family, same-sex couples will be more than ready  to take in a child and provide for it like any other responsible parent would. (Dethloff 202). Though many adopted children get discriminated because of their parents’ sexual orientation, they at least know that they have parents that they could talk to and have a real home with. Because they are adopted, they will always look for who their real parents are and what is their real birth certificate as well as have the right to access to it. According to David B. Biklen, adult adoptees who want access to their birth records argue that the information in the birth records belongs not only to the birth parents or state, but also to the child, now an adult. Biklen argues that birth parents should not have control over their adult child’s access to his or hers birth name, heritage, history and the state should not continue to be a party that is keeping all of this information secret. He states that adult adoptees claim the right to their information and because they have a legitimate need, medical and otherwise, to full access to their genetic heritage. Biklen states t hat recent adoption research indicates that secrecy in adoption can be damaging for everyone involved. Secrecy in a family can cause much pain, shame, and psychological damage even when the secrets are not revealed and holding back information can be very damaging to the child. (Biklen). Regarding the medical information of the adoptee, it is very important for them to know about where their health risks come from. Biklen states that current sealed records system burdens adult adoptees’ access to family medical information that may be critical to their own health care. He says that many adult adoptees have been having difficulties answering routine, even critical health questions about the health history of their genetic relatives. Also, under the legislation of some states, from having a â€Å"sin† of his or hers birth parents, the adopted child was â€Å"reborn† into the adoptive family with a new identity, name, and birth certificate to give an illusion that the child was born in the adoptive family. Biklen argues that the original birth certificates were then sealed and replaced with a new birth certificate that gave false information, a legal fiction. In addition, Biklen says that to attempting to change sealed record laws, many adult adoptees have used other ways to search for their birth information by using professional consultants, volunteer networks, and self-help search groups that help address the demands by the adult adoptees to finding their birth parents. (Biklen). Adoptees now have become more  outspoken and are searching for their birth parents without their adoptive parents’ permission. Not only do adoptees have a say on this controversial topic but as well as their adoptive parents. According to Phyllis R. Silverman, Lee Campbell, and Patricia Patti, adoptive parents are finding themselves to be caught in a situation they were never prepared for. They stated that many adoptive parents were expecting their adoptive child will not want to reunite with their birth parents for the papers are sealed and kept away. They say that in a study done of adoptive families, they preferred to have veto power over adoptees searching for their birth parents even when the child grew up into an adult. The researchers say that today, many adoptive and birth parents are now being informed that the child might or will be searching for them when he or she get older. But, the real concern adoptive parents have is about what type of question might pop up when the child grows up and them not knowing how to answer it. They state that most adoptive parents will not know about the child meeting or them finding their birth parents or what to expect when something like this will occur. In conclusion, they say that adoptive parents get protective of their adoptive children and are afraid of them leaving after they find out the truth. (Silverman et. al. 543). The controversial aspect of adoption helps bring a better understanding of how adoption works as well as the controversy behind it. There will always be debates to what is best for the child and who is the best choice to provide for the child as to help them grow up to be better people and to have a family of their own to where they can feel complete. Every child needs a family, but every adoptee would have preferred to stay with their biological mother from the beginning even if she could not provide for them. Others, on the other hand are grateful that they have been adopted because it gave them the happiness of being wanted in a family where the biological parents wanted the best for them, out of love. No matter what the choices are made, it is never possible to tell what the outcome may be, and that is the controversial issue. Sealed birth records have the answers to the adoptees questions and could also be beneficial to their medical health risks that could save their life or help form a healthy biological family of their own. Reference Baran Annette, Reuben Pannor, and Arthur D. Sorosky. â€Å"Open Adoption.† Social Work 21.2 (1976): 97. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 May 2013. Bertocci, Doris H. â€Å"On Adoption.† Social Work 23.3 (1978): 252. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 May 2013. Biklen, David D. â€Å"Sealed Adoption Records.† (1999). 10 May 2013. www.cga.ct.gov Carp, Wayne E. â€Å"Adoption, Blood Kinship, Stigma, And The Adoption Reform Movement: A Historical Perspective.† Law & Society Review 36.2 (2002): 433. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 May 2013. Dethloff, Nina. â€Å"Same-Sex Parents In A Comparative Perspective.† International Law FORUM Du Droit International 7.3 (2005): 195-205. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 May 2013. Lorraine, Dusky. â€Å"Help adult adoptees find birth parents.† USA Today n.d.: Academic Search Premier. Web. 9 May 2013. March, Karen. â€Å"Perception of Adoption as Social Stigma: Motivation For Search And Union.† Journal Of Marriage & Family 57.3 (1995): 653-660. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 May 2013. Mill er, Laurie C. â€Å"International Adoption: Infectious Diseases Issues.† Clinical Infectious Diseases 40.2 (2005): 286-293. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 May 2013. Popcak, Gregory K. â€Å"Misplacing Children.† First Things: A Monthly Journal Of religion & Public Life 164 (2006): 12-13. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 May 2013. Silverman, Phyllis R., Lee Campbell, and Patricia Patti. â€Å"Reunions Between Adoptees And Birth Parents: The Adoptive Parents’ View.† Social Work 39.5 (1994): 542-549. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 May 2013. Wegar, Katarina, Adoption, Identity, and Kinship: The Debate over Sealed Birth Records. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1997.

Celta assignment 1 focus on the learner Essay

Part 1: Background a) There was a reasonably wide range of ability in this intermediate level group, although the majority of students were able to form coherent sentences. Some students were more confident in answering questions aloud, while some needed to use their dictionaries regularly during lessons, and were less assured with speaking in front of the class. The age ranged anywhere between mid-20’s and late 50’s. The most common interests of the group were listening to music and watching TV. Three students listed some kind of sport (such as football or swimming) as their main hobbies, while two students put reading as their main interest. Other hobbies included cooking, going to the theatre and travelling. Most students have been learning English for somewhere between 1 year and 2 years. The most inexperienced student said she’d only been learning for 2 months, whereas the most experienced had been learning for nearly 3 years. There was a very wide range of cultural backgrounds. About half the students were from somewhere in Asia such as Iraq, South Korea and Afghanistan. There were also many students from Europe, and some from South America and Africa. While their reasons for learning English varied from student to student, the most common reasons included wanting to further their careers and being able to interact with other people more comfortably. In the questionnaire handed to the students, the most commonly preferred activity was speaking, either in groups or pairs. This was probably inherent to the fact that the vast majority of students wanted to achieve a general increase in their conversational ability in English. No students listed writing as a preferred activity, and upon further conversation with students it seems that reading and writing are seen as a means of achieving better speaking and listening. With regards to learning styles, it seems that visual learning activities initiated the best response, with things like photos and pictures inducing the most class participation. However, there were also some students who preferred either listening or kinesthetic activities. b) The group’s communicative ability was generally OK, and almost all the students had the ability to get their point across. However, there were often mistakes in spoken sentences, the most common of which being the omission of auxiliary verbs and the confusion of tenses. With respect to dealing with not understanding, some of the more confident students would ask the teacher about certain words or concepts, whilst others had a tendency to look up words in their dictionary or ask their neighbour. c) Arsen has quite strong receptive skills. This was clear from the outset, as he was able to respond to most concept checking questions well. On a listening exercise on the subject of family relations, he was able to distinguish that a character had previously lived upstairs, but now he lives with his aunt and uncle. This was a question that many other students tripped up on due to not understanding the context of the past tense. In addition, Arsen handled a reading exercise well. Upon being given time to read a body of text concerning how English people spend their time at work, he was able to correctly answer questions on how much of this is actually spent working, so this indicates good general comprehension. Conversely, Avtar has relatively poor listening skills. He often confuses words and misunderstands instructions, which as a result leads to sometimes trying to carry out tasks in an incorrect way. This was evident in one exercise where the teacher asked him where the past participle was in the sentence. This induced a flurry of (incorrect) responses including ‘window’ and ‘steam train.’ His reading is also quite poor; one example of this was during a comprehension task where students had a list of statements and they had to simply tick which ones were true for them, but he instead began by underlining various words in the statements. Avtar would therefore benefit from being asked plenty of concept and instruction checking questions to clarify his understanding, and this might make his frequent contributions to the lesson more relevant. Part 2: Strengths and Weaknesses a) He met her while he was working in a bar. (Grammar) The majority of British people read a newspaper regularly. (Vocabulary) He used to live in Australia. (Pronunciation) b) 1) The student (Avtar) said â€Å"Do you read a good book at the moment?† (Grammar) This is incorrect because he used the present simple form instead of the continuous form, so it should be â€Å"are you reading a good book at the moment?† This mistake was probably made because the student assumed that since he was referring to the present tense, the verb was of the present simple form. However, this is incorrect as in this context, the act of reading is a continuous action. 2) The student (Agneska) wrote that â€Å"At least twice a week is different to two times a week or more† (Vocab) This is incorrect because these phrases are actually identical in meaning. The misunderstanding here has come from not realizing that â€Å"at least† in this context means â€Å"a minimum of†. 3) The student (Marwha) said â€Å"The average men does†¦.† (Pronounciation) Marwha meant to say â€Å"the average man† but pronounced, â€Å"man† with a /e/ sound rather than a /à ¦/ sound. Part 3: Helping the learner 1. For Avtar, the problem lies in identifying which tense and verb form to use. For this reason, I would suggest that he completes a ‘missing words’ type task, where he must choose the correct form of a verb in the context of a short body of text. The exercise could also have the base infinitive form of the required verb next to the empty space so that students are clear which verb to apply. This type of exercise could really benefit Avtar, especially since he sometimes confuses instructions, and in this task the process is very clear. (See next page for example of task.) 2. Agneska has been confused due to the fact that there are so many ways to compare things in English. She needs practice using comparatives, so I have designed a short task (see back page) where she must match up phrases that mean the same in English. This task might be particularly suitable for Agneska due to the fact that she said she was learning English to further her career and make her more employable, and having a range of comparatives and being able to use them correctly is common practice in any kind of office job.

Women in the Fields Essay

The documental â€Å"Rape in Fields† was really heartbreaking. This docudrama is about adult females who are abused and sexually harassed by their employers. Many adult females who are immigrant workers in farm Fieldss and workss have gone through atrocious ordeals. It’s sad to see that these adult females one time didn’t have a voice because they were terrified of acquiring deported or fired. They kept lulls so they could go on working. They have suffered for so many old ages and have been through many atrocious yearss. Many Womans who worked in the Fieldss described the field as â€Å"the field of panties† and â€Å"the green motel. † One could hold ne'er imagined what was go oning in these Fieldss if these adult females had ne'er spoken. One of the adult females. Maricruz Ladino. explains that even though she hates retrieving the past she is glad that adult females have eventually decided to talk out. One of the grounds that many adult females ge t abused and harassed is the fact that they are adult females. These women’s gender determines how they are traveling to be treated when working in these types of occupations. Bing a female can put these adult females in great danger. We live in a clip were adult females have gotten many adult females rights and have learned to fend for themselves. Unfortunately. many undocumented adult females still don’t know that they have many rights. For illustration. Dolores Huerta. a civil right militant and laminitis of The United Farm Workers of America explains: â€Å"I became cognizant of it as a immature adult female. and my female parent would ne'er allow me work in the fields†¦And so when I really did travel out and work in the Fieldss. so. like all of the other adult females. I saw the chief coming and vibrating around you. And of class that was something that made you really nervous. because you didn’t cognize if they were merely looking at your work or if they were looking at you. † ( Frontline. 2013 ) The ground that they stay quiet it’s because they have to take attention of their households and are afraid to lose their occupations. Work force in this state of affairs are really chauvinist. They think that being work forces they are able to command adult females and do with them as they please. This adult females are defenceless and vulnerable and the discovery themselves seting up with the sexual torment because they don’t have another pick. Another ground that adult females are mistreated in this type of occupations is because they are immigrants. When these adult females come to the United States they want to break themselves and are in hunt of the American dream but this has some really sedate effects. They get abused and harassed and the ground that they decide to remain quiet is because they are afraid of traveling back to their state of beginning. They refuse to accept losing the life they have in the United States and they decide to set up with all the maltr eatment. They endanger their lives because they want to keep onto a piece of the American dream. My parents were immigrants and they picked fruit from Fieldss and I’m glad that my ma had my pa besides her at all times. These adult females are willing to put on the line everything. including their organic structures and self-esteem. in order to maintain their occupations and remain in the United States. Another factor that these adult females are targeted is because they don’t know the Torahs or cognize how to talk English. It’s atrocious to cognize that many of these adult females are forced to acquire in a auto and all of a sudden are being taken to an unknown location with a gun pointed at their caput and acquire repeatedly abused. There have been many instances about adult females acquiring abused but unfortunately these culprits were ne'er charged. The deficiency of grounds has affected many of this people’s life. These adult females don’t cognize what to make because they don’t know that there are Torahs to protect them. They fail to recognize that there are people out at that place to assist them but they don’t cognize even when they don’t cognize how to talk English there are people who are willing to assist all this undocumented abused adult females. In order for jurisprudence enforcement and societal workers to forestall the se maltreatments they should travel to the Fieldss and workss and behavior interviews every 3 months. This would maintain employers from mistreating their employees and they can besides be cognizant that they will be penalized if any type of illegal activity is found in their work topographic point. Social workers should besides hold a hotline where adult females are able to describe any sexual torment in workss and the Fieldss. They should allow adult females cognize that they are by their side and their illegal in-migration position does non count when describing any barbarous incident. This manner adult female can experience safe and know that they are able to describe without being penalized. Another solution to this job is to give adult females some type of instruction about the topic and allow them cognize their rights so they can experience safe when describing any incorrect behaviors. These adult females need aid and with governments or societal workers acquiring involved sm all by small this job can acquire eliminated. RetrievedFrontline ( 2013 ) Dolores Huerta: An â€Å"Epidemic in the Fields† Retrieved hypertext transfer protocol: //www. phosphate buffer solution. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/rape-in-the-fields/ PBS Frontline ( 2013 ) Rape in the Fields Retrieved hypertext transfer protocol: //www. phosphate buffer solution. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/social-issues/rape-in-the-fields/dolores-huerta-an-epidemic-in-the-fields/b